The merging of France’s regions in 2015 allows one to observe the processes of reorganization of a region after thirty years previously dedicated to strengthening two regions. The analysis of this territorial reorganization provides, consequently, the opportunity to better understand what a region is and what it is doing, two questions which have not yet received clear and generally agreed upon answers in France. Revisiting these questions, explicitly and clearly, will facilitate understanding of the contemporary outlines of the State and the current modes of government. The study of cultural and research policies will show that this reorganization varies not only according to the policies but even within these. It must be seized at the fine level of the programs and the institutions to unearth how a new model emerges or an existing one spreads itself.