This article proposes, from the point of view of constitutional law, an analysis of the bill concerning the reform of French territorial bodies which modifies, in depth, the local institutional organization: the creation of a district councilor, clarification of the different responsibilities involved etc. This bill, largely inspired by the report drawn up by the Comité pour la réforme des collectivités territoriales, established by President Nicolas Sarkozy, poses the following question: can such a reform work without changing the constitutional framework? Contrary to the choice made in 2003 in regard to Acte II de la décentralisation, the plan is for this reform to pass through the legislative channels. Consequently, we should begin to question more closely the constitutionality of the different provisions of the bill.