Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), famous for his philosophy of mathematics and knowledge, is also renowned for his moral and political philosophy, of which his philosophy of education is a central piece. I will focus on his two books, On education, especially in early childhood (1926), which deals with the education of the young child and champions, with schooling, a renovated school instruction, and Education and the social order (1932), which is a broader political reflection on what “education in a modern society” (which is both industrial and democratic) should be. I will first examine the moral and political philosophy at the root of philosophy of education, then his conception of the relations between freedom and authority in education, and more broadly, of the relations between education and society. Finally, I will examine his pro feminist views in favour of co-education, co-instruction and equal sexual education of the two sexes.