This article does not aim to make an assessment, from the point of view of sociology and political science, of the implementation of the law of March 4, 2002, which covers a great many aspects, which it is difficult to deal with in this short space and for which empirical data are lacking. Rather, based on (non-exhaustive) reviews, conducted in 2007, 2013, and 2015 [1–3], we would like to make some hypotheses about the conditions for the realization of individual rights, in particular the right to information and informed consent. We would also like to recall some findings from the sociology of patient movements concerning their unequal influence in politics. On the basis of these reminders and of some reflections that we are currently putting together in the framework of a research project financed by the French National Research Agency on France’s management of the COVID-19 crisis [4], we will finally try to identify the ways in which the pandemic is testing health democracy, which is now celebrating its twentieth anniversary.