This article proposes to examine, through a comparative approach, territorial systems in Europe, focusing on the local and regional levels, while leaving aside the study of intermediate levels, given their greater rarity. In accordance with the “logic of contrast” that innervates the comparative approach, it is possible to note the persistent diversity of the major systems of administrative organization of States, inscribed in national historical traditions, which resists any spirit of modeling. Although the variety of national situations observed pre-condemns the hypothesis of a European model of administration, it cannot obstruct any idea of concordance or convergence. These similarities may concern the reform processes, without necessarily bringing about a convergence of results. Although they are subject, if necessary, to a logic of enforcement, they are often of a similar but independent resolution logic.