The drug control model implemented in Europe, but more generally in the whole world during the twentieth century is prohibitionist. International conventions affirm the preeminence of control by the law, even if they open the possibility to resort to health measures in response to illegal drug use. A review of the drug laws of the 29 countries of the European Union (plus Norway) shows that judicial responses adopted by countries for drug consumers are varied. The trend, examined here since the 2000s, is increasing socio-sanitary measures among responses to drug use offenses in Europe. Some countries tend to replace the model of control by the law affirmed by the international conventions with the model of health control. Other states allowing the cultivation of cannabis seem to question more radically the drug market control model and more generally a world without drugs.