CAIRN-INT.INFO : International Edition
English

Women’s defined benefit pensions are, on average, worth a little over half as much men’s in the private sector, compared to a ratio of four-fifths in the public sector. This article uses the 2008 all-category retiree sample to demonstrate that this gap can be explained in terms of differences in reference wages and length of contribution, with variable weighting along the distribution. Women’s shorter career spans have the most significant impact on the lowest incomes, while lower wages make the difference among the upper two-thirds of the wage scale. Minimum pensions reduce the pension gap for the lowest fifth of female earners. The article then turns to gender-based pension inequalities. The range of pension options is wider in the private sector than in the public sector and is comparable in scale for both men and women. The range of pension options for women can be explained both by their wide range of reference wages and career lengths counting towards a pension, while wages are the main factor for men.

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