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The exchange between Hobbes and Descartes in the Third Set of Objections and Replies, published with the Meditations (1641), is a notable example of a severe breakdown in communication. For his part, Descartes showed not the slightest interest in working to improve the situation, writing to Mersenne in 1641:
I did not find myself obliged to deal more fully than I have in my responses to the Englishman, because his objections seem to me to be so implausible that replying to them at greater length would have made them appear to be worth more than they are.
We see this sort of dismissive attitude reflected in Descartes’s reaction to Hobbes’s critique of his treatment in the Meditations of the cogito argument. In particular, when Hobbes insists against Descartes that the correct inference from cogito is to the conclusion “that the thinking thing is material rather than immaterial”, Descartes responds with exasperation that such an inference is “quite without reason, and in violation of all usage and all logic”.
Though I consider a common way of rendering less elliptical Hobbes’s argument in the Third Objections, my main goal is not to defend that argument, but rather to set the stage for the exploration of a different argument for the materiality of the thinking thing that we can draw from claims elsewhere in Hobbes’s writings. This new argument will serve to connect Hobbes’s views to those of the “Cambridge Platonist” Henry More. The particular argument I have in mind relies on a doctrine that is cited in the passage from Bayle’…

Français

Hobbes s’est opposé à Descartes en affirmant que l’on doit inférer du cogito que le sujet de la pensée est matériel. Le présent article commence par examiner cet argument fameux. Selon une interprétation courante, l’argument repose sur la théorie des idées de Hobbes. Cependant, cette interprétation a été contestée dans la littérature récente. Un examen de ce débat nous conduit à examiner un autre argument selon lequel tout sujet doit être localisé dans l’univers au moyen de son extension. Ce nouvel argument sert à relier les vues de Hobbes à celles de son critique, Henry More, qui, à leur tour, sont pertinentes pour comprendre son échange avec Descartes sur la question de savoir si les esprits sont étendus. En examinant cet échange ici, nous nous proposons de confronter Descartes au matérialisme de Hobbes à un niveau plus profond que ne le permet leur discussion initiale sur le cogito.

English

Hobbes famously argued against Descartes that the correct inference from the cogito is that the subject of thought is material. This article begins with a review of his argument. On a standard interpretation, the argument relies on Hobbes’s theory of ideas. However, this interpretation has been challenged in the recent literature. A consideration of this challenge leads us to a different argument in Hobbes that emphasizes the fact that any subject must be located in the universe by means of its extension. This new argument serves to connect Hobbes’s views to those of his critic Henry More. More’s views, in turn, are relevant to his exchange with Descartes in their correspondence on the question of whether minds are extended. This exchange allows us to relate Descartes to Hobbes’s materialism at a level deeper than their initial discussion of the cogito makes possible.

Tad M. Schmaltz
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
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