English
It is surprising to see how convergent are the objectives of the current university reforms led in France with the orientations followed by the higher education and research polices led in other European countries for some decades. The same goals and the same repertories of solutions can be observed from one reform to another over the last thirty years. Nevertheless this apparent homogeneity vanishes if one looks, as will be done for the French case, to the concrete transposition of these general orientations into concrete, and finally still very national, measures.
