This article asks the complementary question to ‘What does Nature give ?’, namely ‘What do humans give in return, or how is Nature taken care of ?’ Until the twentieth century, humans received from nature or took a share, in return for rituals which guaranteed the sacred and obligatory character of the preservation of natural resources and that of the rules for their management. The globalisation of market type exchange has put an end to this situation, as nature and its ‘services’ are commodified through environmental services programs or the financial compensation of nature-produced externalities. In the face of speculation and securitization on the carbon or biodiversity markets, what are the political and anti-utilitarian alternatives ?