By comparing the Amerindian myth of a “World without Evil” to biblical mythology and the sacrificial thought of the ancient Greeks, by bringing to light a dark undercurrent common to Teilhard de Chardin’s enthusiastic evolutionism and Lévi-Strauss’s impassive structuralism, by observing the impressive power of hunting to ease tensions and create strong bonds among human beings as revealed in an autobiographical book by Marcel Pagnol, and by suggesting that the characteristic mix of conflict and solidarity found in primitive dual organizations could serve as a model for political confrontation and debate in modern democratic societies, we conclude that humans probably cannot entirely get rid of the violence inherent in their social relationships, but only domesticate and ritualize it through suitable institutions.