Now that the States’ political and administrative responses to AIDS have been thoroughly studied, social and political scientists have for some years focused on the political dimension of fighting the AIDS epidemic. Thus, particular attention is being drawn on the questioning – by organizations – of political and biomedical established authority. The article provides a critical analysis of these works all set in different methodological and epistemological backgrounds. This analysis reveals a number of concerns connected to this issue: first, the role of organizations and their impact on fighting AIDS strategies – both political and biomedical; then, the empiric modes of retrieving information – mobilizing and managing sources; last, the conceptual developments generated by sociological investigation.