In most European countries, the way collective action is conducted has been transformed. The role of the state has been redesigned and the participation of a diversity of stakeholders, from the public and the private (for-profit and non-profit) sectors, has been encouraged. These changes are at the core of welfare state reforms and concern many social fields such as care services and childcare ones in particular. From this perspective, this article analyses the changes in childcare services provision and regulation with a focus on the interactions between public, non-profit and for-profit players and on the collective stakes generated by these developments.