I – Part one: Paradigm shifts, the work within the welfare state

I.1 – Social security: From the ambition of social justice and citizenship to managerial imperatives

I.2 – Over time, a change in perspective on what social protection is: From responding to social needs to questioning the economic consequences

I.3 – Beyond social protection: The ideology of ability as opposed to solidarity

II – Part two: Paradigm shifts supported by tools of quantification

II.1 – The figure as a performance tool for public management

II.2 – The use of incentivizing tools to standardize individual behaviors: What conception of the law?

II.3 – The state’s use of private accounting norms

II.4 – The uses of managerial norms: The example of the hospital

II.5 – The imposition of accounting norms, the dismantling of a company: The staging of a company to justify its privatization – The case of the SNCF

II.6 – Making social protection expenditure disappear through the use of socio-fiscal loopholes

II.7 – The transformation of public employment norms

III – Part three: A transformation of the welfare state that alters the practices of agents and the quality of the service provided

III.1 – The case of higher education

III.2 – The case of the health sector

III.3 – The case of unemployment insurance

III.4 – The case of the retirement system