The CMU bill implements a universal means-tested supplementary health coverage, aimed at improving access to care for poor households in France. The scheme will therefore be evaluated on its capacity to enhance utilization and quantitative evaluations (and, quantitative evaluations will consist in comparing utilization (INTAKE) before and after the implementation of the program). A complementary and slightly different evaluation procedure is outlined in this paper, comparing CMU with three alternative schemes which were envisaged but not carried out eventually: an extension of coverage by the public sickness fund, aimed at removing any risk of cream-skimming from the insurers, a voucher dedicated to the purchase of health coverage, in order to enhance freedom of choice for the consumer, lastly, a managed care scheme centered on restricted panels of providers in competition.