This article aims at taking stock of the extensive literature (both academic and professional) devoted to innovation in hospitals. The literature is dominated by three perspectives, which share an emphasis on the introduction of technology in hospitals. These perspectives envisage the hospital as a production function, a technical space and an information system. On the other hand, a new perspective – of the hospital as a complex service provider and network node – has recently emerged. It integrates the three existing perspectives and accounts in a systematic fashion, without technological or functional bias, for the multiple forms and actors of hospital innovation.