Since the beginning of the 1980s, and even more so since the ‘90s, Europe has been plagued by a social problem that has perpetuated: massive unemployment. This phenomenon weighs more heavily upon certain countries, such as Spain. This situation, which is at the origin of a radicalization of professional marginalization, is mobilizing public authorities on the whole to search for new policies. Spain has the particularity of being a regionalized State, which is characterized by a high level of political decentralization. The mobilization of public authorities in the fight against the phenomenon of professional marginalization therefore includes the national, regional, departmental and local levels simultaneously. Keeping this particularity in mind, we have decided to examine the question of fighting against professional marginalization under the angle of territorial distribution of proficiency.We have observed that this tends to reinforce regional and local initiatives without radically questioning the State’s major prerogatives.