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In western society, the strengthening of the executive power to the detriment of the legislative sphere accentuates the resentment of the populations towards representative democracy (Rosanvallon, 2011). Contemporary democracies must then seek solutions to renew their sources of legitimacy (Callon et al., 2001). One of these solutions is participatory mechanisms that give citizens the possibility of playing a more active role in decision-making. Hence, participatory democracy is envisioned as a potential way for democratic renewal.
Including citizens in the democratic process can lead to a better understanding of the environment’s complexity (Fung, 2015; Blondiaux & Fourniau, 2011) and more sustainable and effective projects and policies (Van Tatenhove and Leroy, 2003). However, this openness to participation does not necessarily confer real power to citizens. Therefore, looking at the effects of public participation is essential to assess the potential of these approaches to redefine governance and renew the democratic ideal (Gourgues, Rui & Topçu, 2013). To this end, public authorities must define participants’ role as competent agents whose voice is considered in the final decision.
In conjunction with the development of large and often controversial projects, actors in the field of energy and natural resources have, over time, developed an in-depth reflection on participatory democracy (Barbier & Larue, 2011). On their part, public authorities have institutionalized some participatory mechanisms…

English

Several public authorities in Canada and Quebec’s energy and natural resources sectors have set up participatory mechanisms to integrate citizens’ concerns in planning their projects. To this end, departments have developed a corpus of texts structuring their approaches and their relationships with participants. This article aims to study how this documentation transcribes the potential influence granted to participants in decision-making processes. Based on the documentation of four Canadian (2) and Quebec (2) departments, we conduct a qualitative analysis guided by six fundamental principles emerging from the literature and testifying the level of influence granted to the participants. Our findings show that although participatory approaches open the decision-making process to the general public, they allow symbolic participation. Greater transparency and openness in the process through systematic reporting, the precision of the expert’s role, and establishing a culture of evaluation could help build more authentic participation. Suppose the small sample of this study and the choice to retain six criteria prevent generalization. In that case, our study nevertheless provides a glimpse of how public authorities in these sectors conceive participants’ influence in the decision-making process. It would be relevant for future research to see how these processes are actually set up and how participants perceive them.

  • public participation
  • social acceptability
  • participatory democracy
  • energy and natural resources
  • public policy
  • environmental democracy
  • environmental participation
Français

Participation publique et gestion des ressources naturelles : quel potentiel d’influence pour les participants ?

Dans le secteur de l’énergie et des ressources naturelles, au Canada et au Québec, plusieurs instances ont mis en place des mécanismes participatifs visant à mieux intégrer les préoccupations des citoyens dans la planification de leurs projets. À cette fin, les ministères ont développé un corpus d’écrits structurant leurs démarches et leurs rapports avec les participants. Cet article a comme objectif d’étudier comment le potentiel d’influence accordé aux participants sur le processus décisionnel est retranscrit dans cette documentation. Pour ce faire, nous avons retenu la documentation de quatre ministères canadiens (2) et québécois (2) homologues. À partir de ces documents, nous avons réalisé une analyse qualitative de contenu guidé par six principes phares dégagés de la littérature et témoignant de l’influence accordée aux participants. Bien que les démarches participatives ouvrent le processus décisionnel au grand public, elles relèvent davantage de la participation symbolique. Une plus grande transparence et ouverture de la démarche par le biais d’une reddition de compte systématique, une définition plus claire du rôle de l’expert et l’instauration d’une culture d’évaluation de la démarche participative pourrait aider à bâtir une participation plus authentique. Le petit échantillon de cette étude ainsi que le choix de retenir six critères empêchent la généralisation de ce constat. Cependant, la présente étude permet de mieux comprendre comment les instances publiques de ce secteur d’activité conçoivent le potentiel d’influence des participants. Il serait pertinent pour de futures recherches de voir comment ces processus sont réellement mis en place et comment les participants les perçoivent.

  • participation publique
  • acceptabilité sociale
  • démocratie participative
  • ressources naturelles
  • démocratie environnementale
Élizabeth Durand
Department of Strategy, Social and Environmental Responsibility, ESG UQAM
Élizabeth DURAND is a master’s student in Social and Environmental Responsibility at ESG UQAM. She holds a bachelor’s degree in psychology, with a specialization in neuropsychology and a certificate in human resources and accounting.
Charles Duprez
Department of Strategy, Social and Environmental Responsibility, ESG UQAM
Charles DUPREZ is a master’s student in Social and Environmental Responsibility at ESG UQAM and holds a master’s degree from the IÉSEG School of Management in France.
Stéphanie Yates
Department of Social and Public Communication, UQAM
Stéphanie YATES is a professor in the Department of Social and Public Communication at UQAM. She holds a doctorate in political science and a master’s degree in public communication. Her research interests include social acceptability, communication and corporate social responsibility.
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