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The 2001 Green Paper of the European Commission (Commission of the European communities, 2001) encourages an increase of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in companies and, more specifically, in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), including micro-enterprises, because of the major role they play in developing the economy and generating employment (Berisha and Shiroka, 2015). Thus, from the viewpoint of implementing responsible business practices, the impact of SMEs should not be downplayed (Ayuso and Navarrete-Báez, 2017; Puppim de Oliveira and Jabbour, 2017) as they are the foundation of the European and global socio-economic landscape, given that they make up for more than 95 percent of firms and are generators of approximately 65 percent of employment in the private sector (Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economique [OCDE], 2016). Therefore, given such a representation signified by SMEs in the economy and society, social responsibility becomes an indispensable issue for them.
The SME owner-manager plays a key role in the strategic decision-making of the company (Chandra et al., 2020; Szczanowicz and Saniuk, 2016). As demonstrated by the works of Marchesnay (1991, 2003) and Torrès (2015) on the centralization of power and the decision-making in the hand of the owner-manager in an SME ; and according to Cossette (2004) on the interest of mobilizing cognitive maps to understand the mental representations and strategic choices of the manager in organization, it may be interesting to observe, from a cognitive viewpoint by mobilizing cognitive maps, the mental representations of the owner-manager in their decision-making about responsible commitment…

English

This exploratory study aims to analyse the decision-making processes of small and mediumsized enterprises (SME) owner-managers regarding their corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement. The research question is as follows: What encourages SME owner-managers to decide in favour of CSR commitment? Using cognitive mapping as a tool to analyse owner-managers’ cognitive patterns, this research demonstrates that owner-managers are motivated by a diverse set of reasons to integrate CSR into their business. For some managers, commitment to CSR practices is a strategic initiative—to achieve the company’s objectives and improve its image—while for others, CSR integration is a personal conviction rather than a strategic initiative. The main contribution of this study is the proposition of a cognitive approach using mental maps to analyse the cognitive patterns of SME owner-managers regarding their decisions about CSR commitment. From a theoretical viewpoint, analysing the cognitive schemas demonstrates the importance of cognition in CSR implementation by SMEs and highlights how essential it is to consider the idiosyncratic vision of an owner-manager to understand their decision-making. At the managerial level, mobilizing cognitive maps in the CSR approach could enable owner-managers to identify key elements of their CSR strategies, thus better understanding their thought structure, particularly about CSR decisions. This study has some limitations, which may encourage future research. The exploratory character of the research, with the analysis of two cases, constitutes a small sample size. Future research can use cognitive mapping to create several maps of different SME owner-managers to conduct a comparative analysis of their CSR engagement.

  • CSR integration
  • owner-managers
  • cognitive maps
Français

La mise en œuvre des pratiques de RSE par les dirigeants de PME : Une approche par la carte cognitive

Cette étude exploratoire vise à analyser les processus décisionnels des dirigeants de petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) concernant leur engagement en matière de responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE). La question de recherche est la suivante : Qu’est-ce qui incite les propriétaires-dirigeants de PME à se décider en faveur de l’engagement RSE ? En utilisant la cartographie cognitive comme un outil pour analyser les modèles cognitifs des dirigeants, cette recherche démontre que les dirigeants de PME sont motivés par un ensemble de raisons diverses pour intégrer la RSE dans leur entreprise. Pour certains managers, l’engagement dans les pratiques de RSE est une initiative stratégique – pour atteindre les objectifs de l’entreprise et améliorer son image – tandis que pour d’autres, l’intégration de la RSE est une conviction personnelle plutôt qu’une initiative stratégique. La principale contribution de cette étude réside dans la proposition d’une approche cognitive utilisant des cartes mentales pour analyser les schémas cognitifs des dirigeants de PME dans les prises de décisions en matière d’engagement RSE. D’un point de vue théorique, l’analyse des schémas cognitifs démontre l’importance de la cognition dans la mise en œuvre de la RSE par les PME et souligne à quel point il est essentiel de considérer la vision idiosyncrasique d’un dirigeant pour comprendre sa prise de décision. Au niveau managérial, la mobilisation des cartes cognitives dans l’approche RSE pourrait permettre aux dirigeants de PME d’identifier les éléments clés de leurs stratégies RSE, et ainsi de mieux comprendre leur structure de pensée, notamment sur les décisions RSE. Cette étude présente certaines limites, encourageant des recherches futures. Le caractère exploratoire de la recherche, avec l’analyse de deux cas, constitue un échantillon de petite taille. Les recherches futures peuvent utiliser la cartographie cognitive pour créer plusieurs cartes de différents dirigeants de PME afin de mener une analyse comparative de leur engagement en matière de RSE.

  • intégration RSE
  • dirigeants de PME
  • cartes cognitives
Rosalie Douyon
Rosalie DOUYON is Associate Professor at ESDES Lyon Business School-Lyon Catholic University. She is a researcher at the Institute of sustainable business dans organizations from ESDES-Lyon Catholic University and associate researcher at Montpellier Research in Management and at the Labex Entreprendre of the University of Montpellier.
She is teachings and work focus on entrepreneurship, the corporate social responsibility and business strategies. She regularly speaks at national and international scientific conferences and at business seminars on entrepreneurship and CSR issues.
Lyon Catholic University, Institute of Sustainable Business and Organizations Labex Entreprendre/ Montpellier Research in Management
Agnès Paradas
Agnès PARADAS is Associate Professor at the University of Avignon. She is a researcher at Montpellier Research in Management and at the Labex Entreprendre of the University of Montpellier. She is research topics are mainly corporate social responsibility, sustainable development, and the skills management in small businesses. She is particularly interested in the commitment, values and representations of leaders, female entrepreneurship and the diversity and mixing. She has published many articles and book chapters.
Labex Entreprendre/ Montpellier Research in Management
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