Even though the sociology of Islamophobia is only in its infancy in France, it has been developing quickly in numerous European and North American universities over about the past decade. A phenomenon of growing amplitude that is diversifying and developing in quantitative terms, Islamophobia as a concept and as a phenomenon is an object of powerful resistances in the academic and political fields in France. These resistances result on the one hand from ideological campaigns for banishment, but their power also derives from political, philosophical and theoretical traditions that render unintelligible the public affirmation of a vi­sible religiosit y, especially of its clothing.