This review of research on Islamophobia starts from the observation of an increase in the number of publications on this subject in English in recent years, compared to a low interest in French university studies. As a first step, it aims to make a critical assessment of the Anglophone and Francophone literature on Islamophobia and to synthesize the terms of the terminological debate around the definition of Islamophobia. In a second step, from the various proposed definitions, the text suggests ways of thinking about the issues revealed by the choice of opting for this word rather than another. The craze, silence or reluctance about using the term Islamophobia in the social sciences echoes the debates that agitate the general public, captured by other discourse producers such as political leaders, journalists or activists. The objective of this article is to echo in France the debate that has developed in Anglophone research in order to open the way to new fields of investigation.