In France, since the beginning of the years 2000, a number of legislative measures were taken to promote women’s access to executive positions in the professional world. Available date show that for the time being, this objective is far from being reached, especially among the executive positions of civil service. However, evolution is different when it comes to access to less prestigious positions. In that respect, it is important to check whether school management in primary education is a real opportunity for women. In order to do so, a triple methodological system was elaborated : an exhaustive survey of 22 French departments showed the gender distribution of various positions at the primary school level ; a national enquiry by questionnaire and a series of 28 interviews were realized to accurately comprehend social determining factors to reach executive positions.